CSDE Affiliate Grace John-Stewart (Global Health, Epidemiology, Medicine, and Pediatrics) and co-authors recently published their research, “Biomarker-confirmed suboptimal adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy among children living with HIV in western Kenya” in AIDS. Their study primarily sought to assess the level and correlates of biomarker-confirmed adherence to isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) among children living with HIV (CLHIV). Adherence was assessed by pill counts or caregiver- or self-reports, and urine biomarkers (in-house dipstick and IsoscreenTM©). Both urine biomarker tests detect INH metabolites within 48 hours of ingestion. Consistent adherence was defined as having positive results on either biomarker at all visits. Correlates of biomarker-confirmed nonadherence at each visit were evaluated using generalized estimating equations. The in-house dipstick was validated using IsoscreenTM© as the reference. Biomarker-confirmed adherence to IPT was sub-optimal and was associated with viral non-suppression and duration of IPT. Urine dipstick testing may be useful in assessing adherence to IPT in clinical care.
Vaccine Efficacy is the Subject of New Research by Carone and Co-authors
CSDE Affiliate Marco Carone (Biostatistics) and co-authors published their article “Stochastic Interventional Vaccine Efficacy and Principal Surrogate Analyses of Antibody Markers as Correlates of Protection against Symptomatic COVID-19 in the COVE mRNA-1273 Trial” in Viruses. The COVE trial randomized participants to receive two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccine or placebo on Days 1 and 29 (D1, D29). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG binding antibodies (bAbs), anti-receptor binding domain IgG bAbs, 50% inhibitory dilution neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers, and 80% inhibitory dilution nAb titers were measured at D29 and D57. Authors assessed these markers as correlates of protection (CoPs) against COVID-19 using stochastic interventional vaccine efficacy (SVE) analysis and principal surrogate (PS) analysis, frameworks not used in their previous COVE immune correlates analyses.
CSDE Seminar: Climate Change, Displacement and Health in Pakistan
Please join us for a seminar with Ayaz Qureshi from the University of Edinburgh, hosted by CSDE, the South Asia Center, and the Population Health Initiative. The devastation resulting from 2022 floods in Pakistan was yet another reminder of the human cost of Climate Change in the South Asian region. More than 32 million people were displaced, 1700 people were killed, 800,000 hectors of crops were destroyed, and over 750,000 livestock animals were lost. Vast areas of land remained under stagnant water for months, resulting in outbreaks of water-borne diseases. Many families took shelter on raised ground along highways in Southern and Western Pakistan. They were forced to spend nights under parked lorries to shelter themselves from rain. As horrific stories of human suffering in these circumstances emerged, a debate ensued in Pakistan on fixing the blame for the disaster. This debate ranged from global capitalist greed to unsuitability of colonial era infrastructures for indigenous water management systems. The Pakistani state rallied behind calls for Climate Change reparations at international forums but local understandings of climate change, and its impacts as well as how to deal with them, were ignored in governmental policy and response. In this talk, Dr. Qureshi will argue for a people-centred approach to understanding and addressing problems of health and displacement resulting from climate change related weather phenomenon.
Ayaz Qureshi is a social and medical anthropologist with interest in infectious disease, sexual and reproductive health, labour relations, NGOs, climate change, migration, and displacement. He has carried out a number of research projects in these areas. His monograph ‘AIDS in Pakistan: Bureaucracy, Public Goods and NGOs’ is the first full length study of HIV/AIDS work in relation to government and NGOs. He has published in discipline leading international academic journals. A full list of his publications can be found here: https://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/staff/ayaz-qureshi
New Research by Bostrom and Co-Authors on Social Capital as a Resource for Disaster Preparedness
CSDE Affiliate Ann Bostrom (Evans School of Public Policy) and co-authors recently published an article “Understanding the role of individual- and community-based resources in disaster preparedness” in the International Journal of Risk Reduction. Standard emergency management practice in the U.S measures disaster preparedness as an individual household attribute based on amounts of stocked supplies, hazard mitigation actions, and emergency planning. Such measures generally fail to consider how norms of trust, fairness, and reciprocity, as well as networks of social relationships—that is, social capital—can facilitate coordination and enable sharing and communal action in the face of disaster. The authors’ study assesses how shared resources, social capital, and day-to-day resources (specifically, food and water) could influence earthquake disaster preparedness across different communities. Using Seattle as the site of investigation, the study involved a split-ballot experiment embedded in a mail survey of a random sample of households. These households were stratified by zip codes selected for their contrasting demographics (N = 1340). Half of the households in each zip code answered conventional individualistic measures of disaster preparedness, while the other half answered questions regarding resources they, their family, friends, and neighbors might share. In racial-majority-dominated zip codes, reported preparedness was higher when people were asked to consider shared resources. Disaster preparedness also appeared to be underestimated with the traditional measure. Households with greater bridging social capital (connections with individuals who differ in their social identity but who may share some similar interests) and longer neighborhood tenure also reported higher preparedness. Their findings suggest disaster preparedness efforts should focus on supplementing individual preparedness with daily resources, social capital, and collective shareable community assets—a focus that we call “mainstreaming.”
CSDE Affiliates Edit and Contribute to New Volume – Socio-Demographic Perspectives on COVID
CSDE Affiliate David Swanson and his colleague Richard Verdugo led the publication of a new research collection entitled Socio-Demographic Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic (Information Age Publishing) which is now available here. CSDE Affiliates providing contributions included Sara Curran, Jessica Godwin, Neal Marquez, Arni Rao, David Swanson, and David Takeuchi. Their chapters cover a range of topics from methodological approaches to substantive comparisons among Native Americans, across race and ethnicity, political divides, community characteristics,
- The Struggle to Obtain Reliable COVID-19 Information, David A. Swanson and Eric G. Tyberg.
- Producing Summary Statistics of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Over Time: A Note on Using Geometric Measures, Not Arithmetic Ones, Richard Verdugo, Arni S. R. Srinivasa Rao, Steven G. Krantz, and David A. Swanson.
- Modeling and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Local Area Perspective, David A. Swanson.
- A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area That Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington, David A. Swanson and Ronald E. Cossman.
- An Early-Warning COVID-19 Alert and Response Protocol for Seasonal Resort Communities, David A. Swanson and Peter A. Morrison.
- Viral Infections, Race, and Age in the United States, Neal Marquez, Jessica Godwin, and Sara Curran.
- Broadband Access During a Pandemic: 2020 U.S. Census Results for the Hopi and Lummi Reservations, David A. Swanson.
- The Relative Risk of Dying From COVID-19 Among Those Infected Reveals a Disturbing Portrait of Both COVID-19 Mortality and Non-COVID-19 Mortality in the United States, David A. Swanson, Dudley Poston, Steven G. Krantz, and Arni S.R. Srinivasa Rao.
- A Danger to Public Health? Republicanism and the COVID-19 Pandemic, David A. Swanson and Eric G. Tyberg.
- U.S. Policy and COVID-19 Cases and Deaths: An Analysis, Richard R. Verdugo, David A. Swanson, Arni Rao, and Steven Krantz.
- Anti-Asian Hate During the Pandemic, Michael P. Huynh, Anne Saw, and David T. Takeuchi.
- America’s Post-Pandemic Future: A Demographic Perspective, David Swanson, Peter A. Morrison, Dudley Poston, Steven Krantz, and Arni Rao.
*New* Call for Proposals: 2024 Data Science Incubator Program (Due 11/14/23)
The UW eScience Institute invites short proposals (1-2 pages) for a remote one-quarter data-intensive research collaboration focusing on extracting insight from large, noisy, and/or heterogeneous datasets. The goal of the Data Science Incubator is to enable new science by bringing together data scientists and domain scientists to work on focused, intensive, collaborative projects. Their team of data scientists provides expertise in state-of-the-art technology and methods in statistics and machine learning, data manipulation and analytics at all scales, cloud and cluster computing, software design and engineering, visualization, and other topics. An information session will be held on Nov. 6th in-person and on Zoom. Learn more here.
The program is open to any faculty, postdoc, staff, or student whose research can be significantly advanced by intensive collaboration with a data science expert. To apply, we require a short project proposal describing the science goals, the relevant datasets, and the expected technical challenges. The ideal proposal will clearly identify both the datasets involved and the questions to be answered, and will explain how the technical component of the project is critical to delivering exciting new findings. This year we are happy to announce the availability of cloud resources to support the incubator projects and we welcome applications that wish to use cloud computing.
How to Get Started
Important Dates for the Winter 2024 Incubator:
-
October 27th: Information meeting. Time: 9:00 -10:00 p.m. PT. via Zoom.
-
November 6th: Information meeting. Time: 1:00 – 2:00 p.m PT. in-person in the WRF Data Science Studio or via Zoom.
-
Info sessions slides will be posted following the sessions.
-
-
DEADLINE November 14th: Proposals due by 11:59 p.m. PT.
-
December 12th: Notification of proposal selections.
-
January 4th: Kickoff meeting.
-
The Incubator will run January 4th – March 8th, 2024.